Operations in Steel Teeming Ladle in Steel Melting Shop The treatment of steel in the ladle has started around 1940s when the first ladle-to-ladle and ladle-to-ingot mould vacuum degassing processes for hydrogen removal has appeared on the scene. In the late 1950s, more efficient vacuum degassing units such as the Dortmund Hoerder (DH) and Ruhrstahl-Heraeus …
Read MoreInclusions in Steel and Secondary Steelmaking Non-metallic inclusions, (hereinafter referred to as ‘inclusions’), are chemical compounds consisting of at least one non-metallic component, such as sulphur or oxygen. In steels, inclusions are an unwanted but mainly an unavoidable phase caused by the content of oxidizing agents in the liquid steel due to the raw material …
Read MoreSteel Cleanliness and Clean Steel Technologies Steel cleanliness is an important factor which decides the quality of the steel. It can have a remarkable influence on steel properties, such as tensile strength, formability, toughness, weldability, cracking-resistance, corrosion resistance, and fatigue-resistance etc. The demand for better mechanical properties of steels from the steel consumers has urged …
Read MoreUtilization Optimization of Ferroalloys during Steelmaking Ferroalloys are alloys of iron with a high percentage of one or more of other elements such as silicon (Si) and manganese (Mn) etc. They are brittle and unsuitable for direct use in fabricating of products of use. Ferroalloys are important raw materials for the steelmaking process. They are …
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