X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometer
…fraction of the scattered tube spectrum reaches the detector and is present in the measured spectrum. In some cases, the tube lines of the spectrum interfere with lines coming from…
Read MoreCoking Pressure Phenomena and its Influencing Factors
…marked effect on coking pressure, fine crushing reducing the pressure. Crushing the constituents of a blend separately does not seem to present any particular advantage. A study has shown that…
Read MoreCarbon Steels and the Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram
…are arranged with a body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal structure in ferrite and an fcc crystal structure in austenite. In both ferrite grains and austenite grains, this atomic structure does not…
Read MoreMeasuring Instruments
in tension because of improper handling, over loading of the instrument, improper calibration, or faulty instruments. Instrumental errors are inherent in measuring instruments, because of their mechanical structure. Instrumental errors…
Read MoreNormalizing Process for Steels
…the grain structure and to eliminate coarse grained microstructure got in previous working operations such as rolling and forging etc., (ii) to modify and improve cast dendritic microstructure and reduce…
Read MoreAnnealing of Steels
…the soft products of transformation are suppressed and the harder constituents i.e., bainite and martensite, are formed. These latter micro-structures are undesirable in the annealed structure. Fig 1 shows representative…
Read MoreEstimation of Project Cost for a Green Field Steel Project
…construction stage of the plant. Enabling facilities during the construction of the project include power, water, storages, roads and rail tracks needed for construction, office buildings, construction workshop, and housing…
Read MoreDevelopments of Steelmaking Processes
called tool steel. The crucible process continued to be used for specialty steels, but is obsolete today. Another form of crucible steel was developed in 1837 by the Russian engineer,…
Read MoreDuctile Cast Iron
than flakes. These create fewer discontinuities in the structure of the metal and produce a stronger, more ductile iron. This nodular graphite structure inhibits the creation of linear cracks hence…
Read MoreColdry technology for low rank coal drying
…extrusion. Extrusion – Extrusion is carried out of the coal slurry to produce pellets of optimal dimension for subsequent drying. Drying – Drying is carried out to evaporate the mobilized…
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