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Metal Forming and Metal Working Processes

Metal Forming and Metal Working Processes Metal working consists of deformation processes in which a metal billet or blank is shaped by tools or dies. In metal working, an initially simple work-piece (e.g., a billet or a blanked sheet) is plastically deformed between tools (or dies) to get the desired final configuration. The design and …

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Pre-treatment of Hot Metal

Pre-treatment of Hot Metal Since the 1980s, the quality of raw materials and fuels used in ironmaking and steelmaking has increasingly deteriorated around the world. This trend has led to a deteriorating quality of hot metal in terms of higher contents of impurities. Also, during this period, there has been growing demand for the production …

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Operations in Steel Teeming Ladle in Steel Melting Shop

Operations in Steel Teeming Ladle in Steel Melting Shop The treatment of steel in the ladle has started around 1940s when the first ladle-to-ladle and ladle-to-ingot mould vacuum degassing processes for hydrogen removal has appeared on the scene. In the late 1950s, more efficient vacuum degassing units such as the Dortmund Hoerder (DH) and Ruhrstahl-Heraeus …

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Welding Metallurgy

Welding Metallurgy Joining of two metal elements by means of welding consists in the formation of a weld between these two elements. The weld is composed of molten, mixed and, eventually, solidified metal of the edges of welded elements as well as of filler metal (consumable). In principle, melting of metal during welding as well …

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Shearing of Sheet, Strip, and Plate

Shearing of Sheet, Strip, and Plate Shearing is a method for cutting a metal piece into smaller pieces using a shear blade to force the metal past an opposite shear blade in a progression form. Shearing is widely used to divide large, flat metal such as sheet, strip, and plate. Shearing is a fast and …

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Flattening, Levelling, Slitting, and Shearing of Coiled Flat Steel Product

Flattening, Levelling, Slitting, and Shearing of Coiled Flat Steel Product Hot strip mill and cold rolling mill produce steel strips in varying widths and material thicknesses. These plates / sheets are typically coiled for efficient handling, transport, and further processing. Steel coils are processed in several ways namely (i) it can be ‘slit’ into a …

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Deep Drawing Process for Sheet Metal

Deep Drawing Process for Sheet Metal Deep drawing is a sheet forming process in which in its simplest form, a cylindrical shape or alike is produced from a thin disc of sheet metal by subjecting it to a compressive force (while it is held between a die and blank holder) through a circular punch which …

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Cold Heading Process

Cold Heading Process Cold heading is a forming process of increasing the cross-sectional area of a blank, which is carried out at room temperature, and at one or more points along its length. The material flow over the length where the cross-sectional area increases and the length decreases. It is identical to conventional upsetting. Along …

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Ring Rolling

Ring Rolling Ring rolling is one of the metal-forming operations which decreases the thickness (cross section) and increases the diameter (circumference) of the work-piece by squeezing effect as it passes between two rotating rolls. It is an advanced technique, extensively used to produce seamless rings which are normally being used as flanges, pipe flanges, ring …

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Hot Extrusion Process and its Application for Steel

Hot Extrusion Process and its Application for Steel Extrusion is a compressive deformation process in which a block of metal is squeezed through an orifice or die opening in order to get a reduction in diameter and increase in length of the metal block. The resultant product has the desired cross-section. Extrusion involves forming of …

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